It is the entry into the sacred state of Ihram that signifies the start of Hajj or Umrah. It is not a physical change of attire but a spiritual one. After a pilgrim makes their intention (niyyah) and wears the prescribed attire, they are bound by certain rules and must avoid all prohibitions that go against this sacred state. This article is a comprehensive guide to Ihram rules, with special attention to men and women, and what is forbidden during Ihram.
What Is Ihram?
Ihram is a state of sanctified purity in which a pilgrim enters before going through the rites of Hajj or Umrah. It is also used to describe the particular clothing one wears during such a state.
For men: two unstitched white sheets (Rida and Izaar).
For women: any modest attire that covers the body adequately.
Once in Ihram, pilgrims have to follow certain prohibitions that represent humility, equality, and devotion to Allah.
Men’s and Women’s Ihram Clothing
Men
- Two unstitched white sheets: one is wrapped around the waist (izār) and the other thrown over the shoulders (ridā’).
- Sandals or footwear that is not ankle-high and doesn’t cover the top of the foot
Women
- Normal modest clothing that meets Islamic standards.
- No specific color required.
- No gloves or face coverings (niqab), but a loose veil (khimar) can be used.
How to Enter the State of Ihram
- Cleanse the body – Ghusl (ritual bath) or Wudu (ablution).
- Wear the Ihram garments.
- Pray two rak’ahs.
- Make niyyah (intention) for Hajj or Umrah.
Recite Talbiyah:
“Labbayk Allahumma Labbayk. Labbayka la sharika laka labbayk. Innal-hamda wan-ni’mata laka wal-mulk, la sharika lak.”
Ihram Rules for Men
- Must wear the unstitched white clothes only.
- Cannot wear undergarments, socks, or stitched clothing.
- Must not put on the head any attached piece of cloth (turban, hat, etc.).
- Should not apply scented items.
- No shaving or hair trimming.
- No nail cutting.
Women’s Ihram Rules
- May wear normal stitched clothing.
- May not cover the face directly with cloth (niqab) or wear gloves.
- Loose headscarf or veil may be thrown over your face without touching.
- Must not use perfume.
- Should not cut nails or hair in Ihram.
Ihram rules – Hanafi Madhhab
With reference to the Hanafi madhhab:
- Not covering the face for women with direct cloth but indirectly is permissible.
- Socks for women are permissible.
- Perfume put on before Ihram is still valid except that it is reapplied.
- Misuse of any prohibition in Ihram necessitates dam (penalty).
Prohibitions in Ihram
Here are the principal forbidden things in Ihram (apply to both men and women unless specified):
Cutting Hair or Nails
Even one hair should not be cut deliberately.
Wearing Perfume or Scented Products
Comprises soaps, lotions, and deodorants.
Hunting or Killing Animals
Forbidden except dangerous (e.g., snake, scorpion).
Sexual Relations or Discussion
Strictly prohibited during Ihram.
Wearing Stitched Clothes (Men)
Men should not use any stitched garment that conforms to the body shape.
Head Covering (Men)
Hats, turbans, or any direct cover for the head are not allowed.
Face Covering (Women)
Loosely worn veil without touching the skin.
Quarreling or Use of Foul Language
Peaceful and humble demeanor is required.
Mistakes While in Ihram
- Applying scented soap accidentally.
- Trimming nails while cleaning.
- Arguing and loud conversation.
- Wearing stitched underwear under the Ihram.
- Improper covering of head or feet.
Tips for Keeping Ihram Properly
- Take unscented items only.
- Use a waist pouch to keep things handy.
- Take safety pins to keep sheets secure.
- Learn about Ihram regulations prior to travel.
- Try to stay in Wudu as much as possible.
Conclusion
Ihram is not merely a dress code—it’s a spiritual state of worship. All rules and limitations in Ihram are meant to instill mindfulness, humility, and obedience to Allah. Regardless of whether you’re Hanafi, Shafi’i, or belong to any other school, the principle remains the same: surrender to the divine orders on the most sacred journey of a lifetime.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the regulations of Ihram for Hajj?
Men have to wear two white unstitched pieces of cloth, do not have to wear stitched clothes, perfume, or cover their head. Women should not wear face cover and gloves. They should not cut hair/nails or fight or indulge in sex.
What are the prohibitions of Ihram?
No hair/nail cutting, no perfume, no stitched clothes (for men), no hunting, no sex, no fighting or abusing.
Can we shed Ihram for the toilet?
Yes, you can take the lower sheet partially off for using the toilet. Be sure to wear it properly again afterwards.
Can I take off my Ihram to sleep?
No, the Ihram clothing should stay on while you are sleeping, but you can tie it up to be more comfortable.
Can I remove my Ihram?
Only after performing the mandatory rituals (such as Tawaf, Sa’i, or shaving/cutting hair) are you permitted to come out of Ihram.
Can I keep my feet Ihram while sleeping?
Men should not cover their feet completely with socks or blankets. Women can cover their feet.
Can I remove Ihram to shower?
You can shower while wearing Ihram, but immediately after that, you need to resume wearing the Ihram clothes. Do not use scented soap.